Technology:
Daiso
and Osaka Prefecture University jointly developed an organic secondary battery expected
to be the major candidate to succeed lithium-ion battery. They used an organic
compound for the positive-electrode material and opened up the road to realize nearly
the same performance achieved by a lithium-ion battery. They built a positive
electrode using triquinoxalinylene made up of such substances as nitrogen and
carbon. They built a secondary battery using this positive electrode and solid electrolyte
instead of liquid electrolyte. The secondary battery built on trial has a capacity
close to 80% of a lithium-ion battery, and did not deteriorate performance
after 500 times of discharge and charge. They used lithium for the negative
electrode this time, but are planning to replace lithium by carbon in the
future. Because a battery needs the ability to endure 3,000 times of discharge
and charge, practical application of the newly developed technology will be in the
late 2020s.
Itaru Honma from Tohoku University and his colleagues built positive and negative
electrodes using anthraquione composed of oxygen and carbon. At present, the
battery using these two electrodes has only a quarter of capacity of a
lithium-ion battery, but it successfully endured 1,000 times of discharge and
charge. They predict that increased amount of the organic compound of the two
electrodes will allow it to have the same level of capacity as a lithium-ion
battery. The battery they envision is scheduled to be put into practical application
around 2020. Currently, as the positive electrode of a lithium-ion battery uses
lithium and cobalt, the necessary cost to store electric energy at 1 kW/h is
about 200,000 yen, four times higher than a lead battery.
Race to develop batteries to succeed lithium-ion
battery
Toyota
and NTT are now developing an air battery. It has 2-4 more capacity than a
lithium-ion battery, and will allow an electric vehicle to travel 400-800 km
per charge. The two companies plan to translate it into practical application in
the 2030s. Nissan is working on a lithium-sulfur battery that uses lithium and
sulfur for the electrodes. It has two times more capacity than a lithium-ion
battery, and it does not deteriorate as easily as an air battery. The critical
issue is how to overcome the unstable discharge and charge. Practical
application is scheduled for 2020.
Sumitomo Electric and Kyoto University are jointly developing a sodium ion battery. The
battery they are developing successfully endured 1,000 times discharge and
charge at 20 degrees centigrade. A sodium ion battery will be put on the market
for the residential storage system to store electricity generated by photovoltaic
generation in 2015. Each of Kyoto University and Osaka University is developing
a multivalent ion battery that uses magnesium electrode or aluminum electrode.
Each of them has already confirmed that it can endure up to 100 times of
discharge and charge.
Toyota's fuel-cell vehicles unveiled in the
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